Each end of a platform 10 feet or less in length shall not extend over its support more than 12 inches (30 cm) unless the platform is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees and/or materials without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. Two-point and multi-point suspension scaffolds shall be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from swaying, as determined to be necessary based on an evaluation by a competent person. WebAccess points may be designed for access or be opportunistic. WebIntegral prefabricated scaffold access frames must be designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs, and cannot be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11.5 inches in Cross braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds shall not be used as a means of access or egress. [29 CFR 1926.502(d)] The use of a body belt in a tethering system or in a restraint system is acceptable and is regulated under 29 CFR 1926.502(e). [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)], To ensure adequate protection, install guardrails along all open sides and ends before releasing the scaffold for use by employees, other than the erection and dismantling crews. Evidence that the secondary brake has been activated during an overspeed condition and has engaged the suspension rope. [ 29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1) ] A qualified person must design the scaffolds, which are loaded in Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section, the front edge of all platforms shall not be more than 14 inches (36 cm) from the face of the work, unless guardrail systems are erected along the front edge and/or personal fall arrest systems are used in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section to protect employees from falling. In addition, masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold connections shall be designed by an engineer experienced in such scaffold design. What are the capacity requirements for all scaffolds? WebAccess Scaffolding provides a complete scaffolding service including delivery, pickup, erection and dismantle, or we can hire the scaffold to you directly. Wire suspension ropes shall not be joined together except through the use of eye splice thimbles connected with shackles or coverplates and bolts. Such materials cannot be used as counterweights. What exactly is sufficient clear space? Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on non-adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope. Exception to paragraph (b)(1): The requirement in paragraph (b)(1) to provide full planking or decking does not apply to platforms used solely as walkways or solely by employees performing scaffold erection or dismantling. When canopies are used on suspension scaffolds for falling object protection, the scaffold shall be equipped with additional independent support lines equal in number to the number of points supported, and equivalent in strength to the strength of the suspension ropes. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)], Shore and lean-to scaffolds are strictly prohibited. Direct access to or from another surface shall only be used when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and 24 inches vertically from the other surface. above the scaffold supporting level. COF employees receive annual training Guardrail systems shall be installed before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. What types of scaffolds does the standard prohibit? Ramps and walkways 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above lower levels shall have guardrail systems which comply with subpart M of this part -- Fall Protection; No ramp or walkway shall be inclined more than a slope of one (1) vertical to three (3) horizontal (20 degrees above the horizontal). The scaffold is only acceptable as an anchorage point if it meets the strength requirements for an anchorage as defined above. Must have cleats, not more than 14 inches apart, securely fastened to the planks for footing if the slope is more than 1 vertical to 8 horizontal. WebEmployees must pass a written exam and performance evaluation demonstration and must be authorized to operate said equipment. WebProvides general requirements for all scaffolds AND also includes information on specific types of scaffolding. [29 CFR 1926.453(b)(2)(v)]. Outrigger beams shall be placed perpendicular to its bearing support (usually the face of the building or structure). When horizontal lifelines are used, they shall be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold, or they may be looped around both suspension and independent suspension lines (on scaffolds so equipped) above the hoist and brake attached to the end of the scaffold. Suspension scaffold hoists and non-walk-through stirrups may be used as end guardrails, if the space between the hoist or stirrup and the side guardrail or structure does not allow passage of an employee to the end of the scaffold. Provides general requirements for all scaffolds A suspension scaffold contains one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid means from an overhead structure, 29 CFR 1926.450(b), such as the following scaffolds: single-point, multi-point, multi-level, two-point, adjustable, boatswain's chair, catenary, chimney hoist, continuous run, elevator false car, go-devils, interior hung, masons', and stone setters'. Must not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 inches, unless each employee uses. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. A canopy structure, debris net, or catch platform strong enough to withstand the impact forces of the potential falling objects shall be erected over the employees below. Sound anchorages do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or electrical conduit. Employees shall be prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery material except as necessary for removal of such materials. Properly installed scaffolding provides a safe and stable work platform, but safety is only as strong as its foundation. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)], To protect employees from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, install toeboards, screens, guardrail systems, debris nets, catch platforms, canopy structures, or barricades. NOTE: As of January 1, 1998, subpart M of this part provides that body belts are not acceptable as part of a personal fall arrest system. [29 CFR 1926.453(b)(2)(v)], Fall-arrest and guardrail systems must be used when working on single- and two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds and self-contained adjustable scaffolds that are supported by ropes. Must have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)], Gears and brakes must be enclosed. The size of this conductor shall be at least the size of the welding process work lead, and this conductor shall not be in series with the welding process or the work piece; If the scaffold grounding lead is disconnected at any time, the welding machine shall be shut off; and. Have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. [. What are some of the requirements for power-operated suspension scaffold hoists? [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)(i)], No. Only those items specifically designed as counterweights shall be used to counterweight scaffold systems. In addition to meeting the requirements of 1926.502(d), personal fall arrest systems used on scaffolds shall be attached by lanyard to a vertical lifeline, horizontal lifeline, or scaffold structural member. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)]. [29 CFR 1926.451 (b) (2)] Scaffolds and scaffold components shall not be loaded in excess of their maximum intended loads or rated capacities, whichever is less. What are scaffold platform construction requirements? Weba) Criteria is based on a new edition of CSA S269.2 (scaffold design and engineering standard). When a guardrail system is used, the guardrail height must be increased in height equal to the height of the stilts. Wind screens shall not be used unless the scaffold is secured against the anticipated wind forces imposed. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)(i)], Use fall-arrest systems also when working from the boom/basket of an aerial lift. WebA scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(ii)], Counterweights must be secured by mechanical means to the outrigger beams. The ends of all rails shall not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to employees. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(2)], Also, employees are prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery materials - except to remove these substances. Suspension scaffold outrigger beams, when used, shall be made of structural metal or equivalent strength material, and shall be restrained to prevent movement. EQUIPMENT. The platform must not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. Stair-rails and handrails must be designed and constructed to prevent punctures, lacerations, snagged clothing, and projection. Must have rest platforms at 12-foot maximum intervals. Scaffolds shall be designed by a qualified person and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. Such guys, ties and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9.1 m) (measured from one end [not both] towards the other). Be positioned such that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; Be provided with rest platforms at 12 foot (3.7 m) maximum vertical intervals; Have a minimum step width of 16 inches (41 cm), except that mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders shall have a minimum step width of 11 1/2 inches (30 cm); and. The independent support lines shall be equal in number and strength to the suspension ropes. Focus on Scaffolding The primary criteria used by the FSC to assess scaffolding work on site are contained within: WH 12 HIRAC FP 4 Management of Subcontractor WHS FP 6 Training arrangements H1 Working at heights When midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, or equivalent structural members are used, they shall be installed between the top edge of the guardrail system and the scaffold platform. [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. [, A competent person must evaluate all direct connections prior to use to confirm that the supporting surfaces are able to support the imposed load. DESIGN & ENGINEERING. A personal fall-arrest system is a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. maximum lift heights. this Section and Section 24.B. Are there requirements for suspension ropes? [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)], Effective September 2, 1997, employees erecting and dismantling supported scaffolding must have a safe means of access provided when a competent person has determined the feasibility and analyzed the site conditions. Vertical lifelines, independent support lines, and suspension ropes shall not be attached to each other, nor shall they be attached to or use the same point of anchorage, nor shall they be attached to the same point on the scaffold or personal fall arrest system. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(1)] Load carrying timber members should be a minimum of 1,500 lb-f/in2 construction grade lumber. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result The ladder legs shall be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform. Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. A landing platform at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide by at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) long shall be provided at each level. Kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of rope around the drum(s) or sheave(s). [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(iv)]. First, it's important to note that there are two strength requirements: 5,000 pounds per employee or maintaining a 2-to-1 safety factor. Front-end loaders and similar pieces of equipment shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless they have been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)] The structural members: poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5) and (g) of this section, each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. For all scaffolds not otherwise specified in paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (g)(1)(vi) of this section, each employee shall be protected by the use of personal fall arrest systems or guardrail systems meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this section. WebDetermines that each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or Have a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches (43 cm). [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(13)], These hoists require a positive crank force to descend. SCAFFOLDING IN NEW ZEALAND KEY POINTS: Duty holders have responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Act Manila or plastic (or other synthetic) rope being used for toprails or midrails shall be inspected by a competent person as frequently as necessary to ensure that it continues to meet the strength requirements of paragraph (g) of this section. Tiebacks shall be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. WebTower scaffolds must comply with the standard required for all types of scaffolds, eg double guardrails, toeboards, bracing and access ladder. Handrails, and toprails that serve as handrails, shall provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid falling. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope with the scaffold operating at either the rated load of the hoist, or 2 (minimum) times the stall load of the hoist, whichever is greater. Tiebacks shall be equivalent in strength to the suspension ropes. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)(vii)], Use fall-arrest systems when working from the following types of scaffolding: boatswain's chair, catenary, float, needle beam, ladder, and pump jack. Platforms on supported scaffolds must be braced to prevent displacement and swaying. When used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet high, must have rest platforms at 35-foot maximum intervals. Unstable objects shall not be used as working platforms. WebScaffold design. Guardrails meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this section shall be provided on the open sides and ends of each landing. Riser height shall be uniform, within 1/4 inch, (0.6 cm) for each flight of stairs. Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks or equivalent means, shall extend over the centerline of its support at least 6 inches (15 cm). [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(16)], Manually operated hoists used to raise or lower a suspended scaffold must be tested an listed by a qualified testing laboratory. Guardrail height. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(10)], Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds must be a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(10)], Suspension ropes must be shielded from heat-producing processes. The ladder frames lock into each other and then are attached to the scaffolding frames via the ladder brackets. Work on or from scaffolds is prohibited during storms or high winds unless a competent person has determined that it is safe for employees to be on the scaffold and those employees are protected by a personal fall arrest system or wind screens. Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches. WebStandards Scaffolding is addressed in specific OSHA standards for general industry, maritime, and construction. How can one prevent supported scaffolding from tipping? When winding drum hoists are used on a suspension scaffold, they shall contain not less than four wraps of the suspension rope at the lowest point of scaffold travel. insulated protective covers cover the hoist. WebAccess: Scaffolds must have an acceptable form of access (e.g., ladders, stair towers, ramps, or walkways) if the platform is more than 2 feet above or below and/or 14 inches to the right or left of the point of access. Any of these independent modules or units should form a base. Platforms shall not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. Scaffold Webf. Non-uniform rung spacing caused by joining end frames together is allowed, provided the resulting spacing does not exceed 16 3/4 inches (43 cm). Stairways shall be installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work each suspension rope and any other independent lines are insulated from grounding. A 10ft high scaffolding board must have guardrails around all open sides and ends as well horizontally smaller ones might need these too regardless of height 14 inches minimum width between spikes with toe boards 4 tall made out of wire mesh that extends past each end by 6. [. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(iii)], Counterweights used for suspended scaffolds must be made of materials that can not be easily dislocated. Steps and rungs of ladder and stairway type access shall line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)], A competent person must determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. [29 CFR 1926.451(b)(1)], Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. Before the scaffold is used, direct connections shall be evaluated by a competent person who shall confirm, based on the evaluation, that the supporting surfaces are capable of supporting the loads to be imposed. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(5)], The stall load is the load at which the prime-mover (motor or engine) of a power-operated hoist stalls or the power to the prime-mover is automatically disconnected. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills or other adequate firm foundation. WebNever alter a scaffold structure or extend it. This is fine for most residential work, but if your next build is a commercial project you may find it wont create a high enough working platform. Suspension scaffold support devices such as cornice hooks, roof hooks, roof irons, parapet clamps, or similar devices shall be: Made of steel, wrought iron, or materials of equivalent strength; Secured against movement by tiebacks installed at right angles to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed and secured to a structurally sound point of anchorage on the building or structure. At all points of a scaffold where the platform changes direction, such as turning a corner, any platform that rests on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms which rest at right angles over the same bearer shall be laid second, on top of the first platform. When erecting or dismantling tubular welded frame scaffolds, (end) frames, with horizontal members that are parallel, level and are not more than 22 inches apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access, provided they are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. Such activities shall be performed only by experienced and trained employees selected for such work by the competent person. What are the clearance distance between scaffolds and power lines? In these situations, only the planking that the employer establishes is necessary to provide safe working conditions is required. Suspension scaffold outrigger beams shall be: Provided with stop bolts or shackles at both ends; Securely fastened together with the flanges turned out when channel iron beams are used in place of I-beams; Installed with all bearing supports perpendicular to the beam center line; Set and maintained with the web in a vertical position; and. The harness is worn over [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(iv)], Vertical lifelines must not be fastened to counterweights. [29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(b) & (c)]. Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 centimeters) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61centimeters) vertically from the other surfaces. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. This determination shall be based on site conditions and the type of scaffold being erected or dismantled. Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, and equivalent structural members of a guardrail system shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along the midrail or other member of at least 75 pounds (333 n) for guardrail systems with a minimum 100 pound toprail capacity, and at least 150 pounds (666 n) for guardrail systems with a minimum 200 pound toprail capacity. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level shall be protected from falling to that lower level. [, All support devices must rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least four times the load imposed on them by the scaffold when operating at the rated load of the hoist, or at least one-and-a-half times the load imposed on them by the scaffold at the stall capacity of the hoist, whichever is greater. When do supported scaffolds need to be restrained from tipping? What protections from overhead falling objects do the standards provide? Construction materials such as, but not limited to, masonry units and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as counterweights. an insulating material covers the suspension wire rope and extends at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. Counterweights shall not be removed from an outrigger beam until the scaffold is disassembled. Does a scaffold meet the requirements of 1926.502 (d) (15)? Are there specific requirements for outrigger beams? [, Ladders, such as portable, hook-on, attachable, and stairway [. Manually operated hoists shall require a positive crank force to descend. [, A competent person must inspect ropes for defects prior to each workshift and after every occurrence that could affect a rope's integrity. Vertical lifelines shall not be used when overhead components, such as overhead protection or additional platform levels, are part of a single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffold. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(8)], The standard does require specific clearance distances. There is no minimum width requirement for boatswains' chairs. If there is a tail line below the hoist, it shall be insulated to prevent contact with the platform. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(16)], The standard prohibits work on platforms cluttered with debris. Flowable material, such as sand or water, cannot be used. Crossbracing is acceptable in place of a midrail when the crossing point of two braces is between 20 inches (0.5 m) and 30 inches (0.8 m) above the work platform or as a toprail when the crossing point of two braces is between 38 inches (0.97 m) and 48 inches (1.3 m) above the work platform. What are the requirements for scaffold planking? Toeboards shall be solid or with openings not over one inch (2.5 cm) in the greatest dimension. Horizontally - at each end; at intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9.1 m) from one end. Note to paragraph (b)(2)(i): Pursuant to an administrative stay effective November 29, 1996 and published in the Federal Register on November 25, 1996, the requirement in paragraph (b)(2)(i) that roof bracket scaffolds be at least 12 inches wide is stayed until November 25, 1997 or until rulemaking reguarding the minimum width of roof bracket scaffolds has been completed, whichever is later.

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