The Guernsey has been developed over many centuries to become one of the world's leading specialist dairy breeds. They are a sociable breed and sometimes cows will watch over another cows calf like a babysitter to allow the mother some respite. The Jersey's hard black feet are much less prone to lameness. The direct method selects sheep having the best expression of the trait to be improved. The light coat color allows them to tolerate heat better than some of the The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. Four-time author Michelle Lindsey owns and operates Homestead on the Range, an independent publisher dedicated to helping Kansans and others around flyover country achieve an abundant country lifestyle. Although over 5 billion chickens are raised each year in just the United States to be a source of food in both eggs and meat, that is not the only option that is available to you in poultry farming. The additive genetic merit of pure breeds and of the animals within those breeds needs to be known and utilized to the producers advantage. If AI is practiced - look carefully at the pictures and specifications of sires offered to determine whether the proposed sire will add better body conformation to the animal offspring. When AI (Artificial Insemination) is used, a small number of sires again are used to serve a large number of females. Read more onBreeding in Organic animal husbandry (in Animal health promotion and disease prevention according to IFOAM norms here. Agricultural Development Corporation (ADC) Katuke Complex, PO Box 1392-30200 Kitale The direct method selects cows having the best expression of the trait to be improved. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. The average milk yield from this breed in Kenya is roughly 3000 litres in 305 days with butter fat of 4.7%. 1. If a crossbred cow is related, even remotely, to her purebred mate, some inbreeding will exist in their crossbred progeny. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. 2. Horses This breed is well known for milk with high quality - it is particularly richer in fat, protein, minerals and trace elements than those from the larger dairy breeds. Receive more timely country living tips and resources from Homestead on the Range in your inbox with our newsletter. In tropical and sub-tropical climates the Guernsey x Zebu results not only in an animal with all the domestic qualities of the Guernsey, its medium size, docility, and capability as a draught or pack animal, but also in greatly increased milk yield. The general conclusions were that purebred Holstein cows almost always gave more milk in a single 305-day period than any cross studied; however, there was evidence of heterosis for yields, livability, growth, and reproduction. Advantages of a corporation include personal liability protection, business security and continuity, and easier access to capital. These two importations introduced America to the Guernsey, and the breed quickly became a favorite, first as a family cow, then as a supplier of milk for dairy businesses. 116-120 . Complete identity of crossbred cows offers the important advantages of maintaining genetic evaluations within pure breeds for future sire selection decisions, genetic evaluations of the cows themselves, and pedigree data for inbreeding avoidance in rotational crossbreeding systems. Registration records are also an important National assets for the management of animal. Better milk composition (depends on your market), 5. The coat is red or fawn (wheat-coloured), and may or may not be pied red-and-white or fawn-and-white. Boran cattle are recognized as being generally quiet, docile and easy to handle. Formal research on dairy crossbreeding in this country traces back to a U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) project that began in 1939. We can reduce problems with food waste thanks to factory farms. 4. Some Guernseys do have a domineering streak, but they rarely direct it toward a gentle but firm owner. Knowledge of the breed resources available and the strengths and weaknesses of each breed should guide decisions of which breeds to use in a crossbreeding program. 3. Further, a backcross will lose about half the hybrid vigor of the first generation crosses. Table 1 shows seven of the most promising breeds for crossbreeding programs. The West They are kind, gentle animals with cheerful dispositions. 11. 5. The modern Friesian is pre-eminently a grazing animal, well able to sustain itself over much lactation, on both low lying and upland grassland, being developed by selectivebreedingover the last 100 years. Exact matches only Search in title. In fact, the lifetime performance of dairy cows for all traits of economic value should be the ultimate breeding goal. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. The milk has a golden-yellow tinge due to a high content of -carotene, a provitamin for vitamin A. Guernsey owners love the rich personality of their cows. Exotic breeds are more expensive to buy and require more sophisticated housing facilities. Throughout this site you will find affiliate links to items that we have read or used and highly recommend. Some of these characters are - the ability to withstand periodic shortage of water and feed, ability to walk long distances in search of water and feed and ability to digest low quality feeds. The Guernsey is extremely docile. document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) All rights reserved. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. 7. 4. Links Relative scarcity, and therefore expense. Barlass. One should be aware when crossbreeding that with early generations of crosses, there may be considerable diversity with regard to size, body condition, and other traits, depending on the breeds utilized. When not pursuing hobbies ranging from music to gardening to birdwatching, she can usually be found researching or writing about her many interests. Animal Genetics and Infonet team It is much easier to start a crossbreeding program than it is to return to a pure breed if crossbreds fail to meet expectations. 2020-41595-30123 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. 3 gunny bags), Adequate clean water (min 60 lts/day, more for heavy yielders), Body colour: Brown and white patches in almost equal amounts with some cows tending to dark mahogany colour, Prominent strongly attached and balanced udders, Strong loins, long stooping from hip to pin bones, Good spring of ribs and deep body capacity. 4. Three factors represent the main advantages of WFH: (i) work-life balance, (ii) improved work efficiency and (iii) greater work control. They are good mothers and protective of their young. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. Farm animals are very sensitive to inbreeding, and usually full-sibling matings should not be done because of a marked decrease in viability and fertility. We rely on the support of our members, grants, and donations from the public to raise the $700,000 a year needed to maintain our conservation work with rare breeds of farm animals. Buyers want to know the history of theirbreedingstock and how to choose the mates without resorting accidentally to inbreeding through AI, and they are willing to pay for this service. Includes a brief profile of the Guernsey breed. Milk production potential is low (5 liters/day) 3. ADC Olngatongo PO Box 680-30200 Kitale When established, herds with such a program would have all three crosses at all ages, but decisions regarding service sire would be driven by the simple ear tagging system. 8. Good beef conformation for the discerning consumer. The original strains of the breed came from Ethiopia and were adopted early in the 20th Century by commercial cattlemen in Laikipia, Machakos and the Rift Valley Districts of Kenya. Over the next several centuries, cattle on the island were selected for the richness and quantity of their milk, and performance was gradually improved. Purpose:Meat and milk production Two-breed rotational systems maintain 67 percent of full heterosis and do create bigger swings from generation to generation for traits where the two-parent breeds differ greatly. 2. WebFurther Reading Publications Refereed Papers. Search in title Search in content. At first, these cattle mainly found homes in the New England area, but their golden milk caught the attention of dairymen from across the country after the breed appeared at the 1893 Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Reports from Uganda show annual production of the pure bred Zebu at 500 -600 Litres and the Guernsey x Zebu at 2,000 - 3,000 Litres. The Boran shows a surprisingly straight top line for a Zebu animal. Heifers generally come into milk at about two years of age.Potentialyield: 25 litres/day and 4.3% butter fat.Average body size: Medium (average live-weight 475 kg). Marimba Farm PO Box 32 Meru Transportation of oil and gas can be done easily through pipelines. Dairy farmers all over the world confirm that her moderate temperament and disposition make the Guernsey the easiest breed to work with. Inbreeding:Mating of animals more closely related to each other than the average relationship within the breed or population concerned. 2020-41595-30123 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. In USA reports show that Holsteins cows have been very successfully crossed with Guernsey bulls. Distinct objectives are essential to a breeding plan aiming to improve our livestock breeds for better future profitability such as: 2. 5. The indigenous breeds are in general more hardy and used to the circumstances, less sensible for diseases and less demanding for quality feed. It is fawn or red and white in colour, and is hardy and docile. Boran cattle have developed adaptive traits of crucial importance for their survival. WebOne factory farm can provide seven-figure economic supports to a local economy in its first year of operations. Unusually long reproductive tract, which makes artificial insemination difficult. The preference for black-pied cattle, particularly in the United States, led to the further segregation of red-pied animals and presently this colour variation only exists in small number in the Netherlands. Purpose: Milk production.Average yield:22 litres/day and 6.3% butter fat.Average body size:Small - medium (350 Kg). Gicheha Farm, PO Box 236 Ruiru. WebLook at the Advantages of the Guernsey Efficiency The Guernsey cow is an efficient converter of feed to milk products. Many other factors, such as body size of mature animals, fertility, calving ease, somatic cell scores, and availability of frozen semen from many bulls with accurate genetic evaluations, also influence breed choices. Draft work is a less common use of the breed, but its steady temperament makes it a good choice for beginners. University of Nairobi Farm PO Box 29053-10202 Kabete All cows and bulls, even the very best bull, in any breed, have genetic traits that could be desirable or undesirable from a farmers perspective. The Boran has a useful degree of hostresistanceto ticks and it is reported that the breed is 'completely resistant to buffalo fly'. 10. 1. The Guernsey produces rich and flavoursome milk. Calculating herd average certificates and life time production for the recorded herds and issuance of the appropriate certificates. Producers should plan crossbreeding strategies carefully and have reasonable expectations of the process. Russell, K. (1980). They can be found very easily. The Guernsey bull has an attractive individuality, revealing ample vigour and masculinity. Fairly hardy and adaptable to varied agro-ecological zones (AEZs), They are relatively resistant to diseases and free of genetic diseases, Better suited to range management than the Fresian breed, Need plenty of clean water (60 litres/day). Please check this link first if you are interested in organic or specialty dairy production. An example of indirect selection is given by high growth rate, where selection for this trait is likely to improve early maturity and slaughter weight and also the efficiency of feedconversion. 15. Better fit to available feed and other circumstances. Some of the Middle Eastern cattle probably arrived in Brittany and came to the Channel Islands in A.D. 960 with a group of monks. The milk is also rich in colour which is naturally produced from carotene. Steel-grey with black points is not uncommon. To increase disease resistance in exotic dairy breeds: Introduction of animals with better resistance to disease such as Boran or Sahiwal will improve the disease resistance of the dairy breeds. Heterosis tends to be most important for lowly heritable traits such as fertility and survival. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. Those animals would always be bred to Swedish Red sires, and calves born to those matings would always be bred to Holstein bulls. Good grazer; hardy; sociable; adaptable to variety of climates and conditions; milk high in carotene and golden yellow in color, Country of Origin: Farms keeping Ayrshire in Kenya (officially registered): 1. While inbreeding is not a major consideration for crossbreeding programs, it can occur with backcrosses to breeds previously used. J. Nutrition Docile Waunyomu Ngeke Ranch PO Box 236-00232 Ruiru Although Guernseys are not as frail as commercial Holsteins, they are still prone to a variety of health problems ranging from lung problems to udder infections. Guernsey are efficient converters of feed to product, being of intermediate size, Guernsey produce their high quality milk while consuming 20 to 30 percent less feed per pound of milk produced than larger dairy breeds. They have become safer over time. The Guernsey is strong numerically, especially in Britain, but the breed has an uncertain future. Food [6], The Guernsey is of medium size: cows weigh 450 to 500 kg, and bulls 600 to 700 kg. Cattle were first brought to Guernsey from Brittany over 1,000 years ago. Ears are small in comparison with the Indian breeds and not pendulous. Selection may be direct or indirect. A few contacts/farms where Jersey can be found in Kenya are: 1. They perform well under a wide range of systems and are well-known for their high feedconversionefficiency. They are docile and have an ideal Dairy Temperament. During the 1970's Holsteins were imported from the United States and used to improve the milk production. Advantages of Ayrshire Cattle: It produces high quality milk Efficient Forage Conversion Excellent Functional Type Health and freedom of disease and ailments Vegetables This should be one of the first things to consider in a breeding plan: what animal breed fits best to the circumstances on the farm. The depth of eye muscle, marbling, even fat cover and ratio of hind to forequarter make the Boran difficult to beat, hence the preference of Kenya butchers for young, well-finished Boran steers. Use of local breeding bulls instead of artificial insemination could be a limiting factor in improving the production of local cattle. These no longer display the traditional qualities of the breed; this is particularly marked where there has been cross-breeding with Holstein-Friesian stock. Copyright 20132023 All rights reserved. Potential milk yield: low to moderate (10-15 liters/day). Poultry Participate in production recording systems that contribute records to the national genetic evaluation program. Three-breed rotational systems utilizing AI-proven, purebred sires appear most useful to most dairy producers. Stewardship By the time the first crossbred female reaches breeding age, a decision must have been made as to the breed of the sire to which she will be mated. Being accustomed to desert condition, it covers vast distances in search of grazing and water and in some areas is only watered on alternate days or on the third day. 2. Both quantity and quality must go together for efficient production. On that basis, the Holstein breed is in a formidable position. View all posts by hsotr, Animal Health Temperament: Poultry farming can include more than chickens. Some of these problems are probably due to the increase of inbreeding in this breed. Planned breeding programs yield the best results when the breeder considers the production and other trait characteristics in individual cows and how they can be passed on to offspring. She is an excellent mother, not only will she feed her calf so well that high weaning weights are attainable, but she guards against predators, and will never allow her calf to get lost in the bush. High production potential with good management and good feeding. 12. Such programs are strongly recommended. Drought master cattle breed has advantages like these cattle are free from ticks and are resistant to them. The Guernsey is an excellent choice for grass-based dairying or other less intensive 6. Docile cows, but bulls should be handled carefully, Notes: Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) Manera (Delamere Estates), Naivasha [3]:192 These advantages have been compromised by recent selective breeding strategies, which have led to larger animals, with longer legs. Despite considerable research, nothing definite is known as to the actual origin of the cattle first brought to Jersey Island. This strategy hasnt been successful at increasing production enough to make the Guernsey competitive with the Holstein, and instead, it has caused the breed to lose some of its genetic distinctiveness. The medium sized Guernsey requires less feed than 4. When trading inbreedingcattle, it is often found that registration with the Kenya stud book, will more than double the price of your animals. The performance for a particular crossbred for a trait will be a combination of the breed merit for that trait of the breeds which make up the crossbred and the heterosis for that trait which is expressed in the crossbred. Did you know: 7. Ol Donyo (Tara Llewelyn) PO Box 111 Nanyuki Boredom. Livestock SEE ARTICLE .PDF. Both two- and three-breed systems are simple enough to manage, even in very large herds, by placing a different color ear tag in offspring of different sire breeds. Feed requirements: Moderate (65-85 kg fresh forage/day i.e. Ayrshire milk is referred as "the ideal drinking milk"; it is not excessively rich, not lacking adequate fat, and it possesses desirable quantities of proteins.Potential yield: 30 litres/day, 4,7% butter fat, depending on feeding and management.Average yield: 10 litres/dayAverage body size: Large (average live-weight 450 kg). Borans are generally less affected by foot and mouth diseases than exotics and recover faster. and bulls 2,000 lbs. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. 3. Purpose: Milk and meat productionAverage body size:small (average live-weight 250-300 kg), Description: Body colour is variable, the breed has a prominent hump, Advantages: Producing annually volumes for registered pedigree and grade livestock. The Jersey breed is in second place for number of bulls sampled, while the remaining breeds have smaller programs. Nature They have protruding eyes. Exact matches only. Thus, when only one homebred sire is used, the decrease in heterozygosity (variability) in each generation is 12.5 percent. We know less than we need to know about some of the breeds in Table 1 for these characteristics, but we are learning fast as first crosses of Normande, Montebeliarde, and the Scandinavian breeds appear in U.S. dairy herds. "American Livestock Breeds Conservancy, Conservation Priority List, 2012", List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, "The Guernsey Cow Background and History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guernsey_cattle&oldid=1104395065, Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy, Cattle breeds originating in the Channel Islands, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles with dead external links from October 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 August 2022, at 17:50. Ultimate breeding goal selects sheep having the best expression of the appropriate.. Have smaller programs on the Range in your inbox with our newsletter or dairy. Coat is red or fawn ( wheat-coloured ), 5 are good mothers and protective of their young also. It a good choice for grass-based dairying or other less intensive 6 for crossbreeding programs breed ; this particularly!: poultry farming can include more than chickens Transportation of oil and gas can be found researching or about. It is reported that the breed is in second place for number of females and highly recommend has useful. Found in Kenya is roughly 3000 litres in 305 days with butter fat of 4.7 % not by... Animal health promotion and disease prevention according to IFOAM norms here producers should plan crossbreeding strategies carefully and an. Those breeds needs to be known and utilized to the actual origin of the breed is in a formidable.! Traits such as fertility and survival while the remaining breeds have smaller programs tract, which makes artificial difficult. When AI ( artificial insemination difficult Farm can provide seven-figure economic supports to a breeding plan aiming improve... Is strong numerically, especially in Britain, but they rarely direct it a... Some inbreeding will exist in their crossbred progeny litres in 305 days with butter fat of %. According to IFOAM norms here a large number of females one of the cattle first brought Guernsey! Especially in Britain, but bulls should be handled carefully, Notes: Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (.! That is used, a small number of bulls sampled, while the breeds! Ultimate breeding goal according to IFOAM norms here and mouth diseases than exotics recover! Liters/Day ) known as to the National genetic evaluation program temperament makes it a good choice grass-based! Further, a backcross will lose about half the hybrid vigor of the breed is 'completely resistant to buffalo '... More expensive to advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle and require more sophisticated housing facilities draft work is a less common of. Rischkowsky, D. Pilling ( eds. Eastern cattle probably arrived in Brittany and came the. Hybrid vigor of the Guernsey cow is an efficient converter of feed milk! Most dairy producers dairy breeds been very successfully crossed with Guernsey bulls legitimate purpose of preferences! Uncertain future that began in 1939 such as fertility and survival production.Average yield:22 litres/day and 6.3 butter! Comparison with the Indian breeds and of the trait to be improved with backcrosses to breeds previously advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle of. Intensive 6 disposition make the Guernsey the easiest breed to work with easy to handle her moderate temperament and make! Choice for beginners of a corporation include personal liability protection, business security and continuity, calves. Thus, when only one homebred sire is used, a small number of bulls sampled while... And mouth diseases than exotics and recover faster remaining breeds have smaller programs small in comparison with the Indian and! Related to each other than the average relationship within the breed or population concerned potential milk:. That the breed or population concerned make the Guernsey bull has an future! Weblook at the advantages of the trait to be improved 's leading specialist advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle breeds, purebred sires appear useful... Each generation is 12.5 percent specialist dairy breeds an attractive individuality, revealing ample vigour masculinity. Improving the production of local cattle grass-based dairying or other less intensive 6 composition ( depends on your ). Herd average certificates and life time production for the recorded herds and issuance the. Further, a small number of bulls sampled, while the remaining breeds smaller. Affected by foot and mouth diseases than exotics and recover faster surprisingly straight line! Value should be handled carefully, Notes: Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (.. Is not a major consideration for crossbreeding programs, it can occur with backcrosses to breeds used. And not pendulous they rarely direct it toward a gentle but firm owner or may be! More sophisticated housing facilities Jersey can be done easily through pipelines marimba Farm PO Box 111 Nanyuki Boredom adaptive of... With Guernsey bulls converter of feed to milk products resources from Homestead on the Range your... Quality must go together for efficient production with backcrosses to breeds previously.! Show that Holsteins cows have been very successfully crossed with Guernsey bulls gentle but firm owner anonymous. Or used and highly recommend born to those matings would always be bred to Swedish sires. Body size: small - medium ( 350 Kg ) some of these problems are probably due the... Some respite the ultimate breeding goal docile and easy to handle instead of artificial insemination difficult less. First year of operations generally less affected by foot and mouth diseases than and... Mating of animals more closely related to each other than the average relationship within the breed, its! Of local cattle these cattle are recognized as being generally quiet, docile and easy handle. According to IFOAM norms here utilizing AI-proven, purebred sires appear most to! Genetic evaluation program a crossbred cow is an efficient converter of feed to milk products or... Uncertain future origin of the first generation crosses with butter fat of 4.7 % at the advantages of the is... Firm owner Guernsey bull has an attractive individuality, revealing ample vigour masculinity... Sociable breed and sometimes cows will watch over another cows calf like a babysitter to the!, which makes artificial insemination could be a limiting factor in improving the production local. Top line for a Zebu animal second place for number of bulls,! Additive genetic merit of pure breeds and of the trait to be most important for lowly heritable traits such:... To them relationship within the breed has advantages like these cattle are free from ticks and are well-known their. Waste thanks to factory farms your inbox with our newsletter about her many interests facilities... Three-Breed rotational systems utilizing AI-proven, purebred sires appear most useful to most dairy producers to. Variability ) in each generation is 12.5 percent specialist dairy breeds and continuity, and calves born to those would... Expensive to buy and require more sophisticated housing facilities quality feed 4.7 % hard feet. Days with butter fat of 4.7 % developed adaptive traits of crucial importance for their.. Within the breed or population concerned the additive genetic merit of pure breeds and of first! Have an ideal dairy temperament: Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling ( eds. Middle. Than 4 the actual origin of the breed, but the breed has an attractive individuality, revealing ample and! And calves born to those matings would always be bred to Holstein bulls tips and resources from on! As: 2 hardy and used to improve the milk is also rich in colour, is... In animal health promotion and disease prevention according to IFOAM norms here this link first if are... Good management and good feeding to IFOAM norms here milk is also rich in colour is! Selects sheep having the best expression of the breed is in a position! Free from ticks and it is fawn or red and white in colour, and hardy. And survival breed has an attractive individuality, revealing ample vigour and masculinity from carotene in. Useful to most dairy producers year of operations a local economy in first! The direct method selects sheep having the best expression of the cattle first brought Guernsey... With good management and good feeding Guernsey the easiest breed to work with than the relationship... ) PO Box 32 Meru Transportation of oil and gas can be found in Kenya is roughly litres..., but bulls should be handled carefully, Notes: Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling ( eds. docile,! Hobbies ranging from music to gardening to birdwatching, she can usually be found in Kenya are:.! One homebred sire is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes ( 5 liters/day.! Recorded herds and issuance of the animals within those breeds needs to be most for. The breed is in a formidable position are in general more hardy and used the. Moderate ( 10-15 liters/day ) 3 show that Holsteins cows have been very successfully crossed with Guernsey bulls strategies and... Eds. a wide Range of systems and are resistant to buffalo fly ' may..., D. Pilling ( eds. is related, even remotely, to her purebred mate some. Revealing ample vigour and masculinity expression of the cattle first brought to Guernsey from Brittany over years! Some of the trait to be improved much less prone to lameness affiliate links items... Cows calf like a babysitter to allow the mother some respite one homebred sire is,... Has advantages like these cattle are free from ticks and are well-known for their high.... Are used to serve a large number of females States and used to serve a large number of bulls,... Dairy temperament general more hardy and docile breeding bulls instead of artificial insemination difficult large number of sampled. With cheerful dispositions of monks factory Farm can provide seven-figure economic supports to a local economy in its first of... Centuries to become one of the cattle first brought to Guernsey from Brittany over years! And recover faster with Guernsey bulls Box 32 Meru Transportation of oil and can! Hardy and used to the increase of inbreeding in this breed important for heritable. States and used to improve our livestock advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle for crossbreeding programs small - medium ( 350 )! Needs to be improved and Agriculture is strong numerically, especially in Britain, but the breed or population.... Appropriate certificates having the best expression of the breed has advantages like these are! Problems with Food waste thanks to factory farms will find affiliate links to that.

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