Failure to prove the element of value will make it impossible for the prosecutor to convict you of a felony theft charge. September 1, 2007. (c) Except as provided by Subsections (d) and (e), an offense under this section is: (1) a Class A misdemeanor if the mail is appropriated from fewer than 10 addressees; (2) a state jail felony if the mail is appropriated from at least 10 but fewer than 30 addressees; or. Sept. 1, 1997. Read the full Texas Code for more information. Today, most theft crimes in Texas are consolidated under Texas Penal Code 31.03, including theft by conversion. Sec. (d) If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law. (4) the actor intentionally or knowingly secures the performance of the service by agreeing to provide compensation and, after the service is rendered, fails to make full payment after receiving notice demanding payment. Texas theft charges and penalties are as follows: $100 or less: Class C misdemeanor punishable by a $500 fine and no jail time. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 203, Sec. 901, Sec. 349, Sec. (2) during the commission of the offense, a person engaged in an activity described by Subsection (b) intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly: (e) Repealed by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. (B) a television set, videotape recorder, or other receiver attached to a multichannel video or information system; (2) attaches, causes to be attached, or maintains the attachment of a device to: (B) a television set, videotape recorder, or other receiver attached to a multichannel video or information services system; (3) tampers with, modifies, or maintains a modification to a device installed by a multichannel video or information services provider; or. 821), Sec. 21, eff. (3) sent to the actor using the actor's mailing address shown on the rental agreement or service agreement. The Texas Penal Code defines theft as taking someone else's property without consent, either by deception or by physically stealing it. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. (B) causes the seal to be broken on the vehicle or on an intermodal container containing any part of the cargo. 1.09. 113, Sec. (2)State-limited-use pesticide means a pesticide classified as a state-limited-use pesticide by the Department If found guilty of a Class C misdemeanor, the offender faces a maximum fine of $500. 323, Sec. (2) making or causing a connection to be made with, or drilling or tapping or causing a hole to be drilled or tapped in, a pipe, pipeline, or tank used to store or transport a petroleum product. 2524), Sec. (D) the supply of a motor vehicle or other property for use. (4) "Trade secret" means the whole or any part of any scientific or technical information, design, process, procedure, formula, or improvement that has value and that the owner has taken measures to prevent from becoming available to persons other than those selected by the owner to have access for limited purposes. (c) Property involved in a violation of this section may be treated as stolen for purposes of custody and disposition of the property. September 1, 2011. 694), Sec. September 1, 2009. September 1, 2019. 198, Sec. (d-2) For purposes of Subsection (a)(3), the term "written rental agreement" does not include an agreement that: (1) permits an individual to use personal property for personal, family, or household purposes for an initial rental period; (2) is automatically renewable with each payment after the initial rental period; and. (2) transfers to a third party information obtained as described by Subdivision (1). 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. September 1, 2011. 933 (H.B. 1, 2, eff. Section 152.175) and in effect on that date. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 348), Sec. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. (1) the premises are a commercial building in which a controlled substance is generally stored, including a pharmacy, clinic, hospital, nursing facility, or warehouse; and (2) the person entered or remained concealed in that building with intent to commit a theft of a controlled substance. 2, eff. 15.001, eff. (B) to acquire or otherwise exercise control over property other than real property. (e) For the purposes of this section, each connection, attachment, modification, or act of tampering is a separate offense. previously stolen from another if the actor knowingly or recklessly: (A)fails to report to the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles the failure of the person a motor vehicle subject to Chapter 501, Transportation Code) that the property has September 1, 2015. (d) An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor. (B) has been left to be collected for delivery by a common carrier or delivery service. This misdemeanor charge is the lowest misdemeanor classification level. pledgor has the right to possess the property; and. September 1, 2011. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. (3) communicates or transmits a trade secret. 304 (H.B. Jan. 1, 1974. 1396), Sec. 1396), Sec. MAIL THEFT. (14) "Fire exit alarm" has the meaning assigned by Section 793.001, Health and Safety Code. 599, Sec. (f)An offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsections (e)(1)-(6) is increased Aug. 29, 1977; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 849, ch. FindLaw Codes may not reflect the most recent version of the law in your jurisdiction. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. (B) in full compliance with the rules of the department as an applicant for an assigned number approved by the department. (2) "State-limited-use pesticide" means a pesticide classified as a state-limited-use pesticide by the Department of Agriculture under Section 76.003, Agriculture Code, as that section existed on January 1, 1995, and containing an active ingredient listed in the rules adopted under that section (4 TAC Section 7.24) as that section existed on that date. (a) Subject to the additional criteria of Subsections (b) and (c), value under this chapter is: (1) the fair market value of the property or service at the time and place of the offense; or. 11, eff. 821), Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. (b) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the person was: (1) the owner or acting with the effective consent of the owner of the property involved; (2) a peace officer acting in the actual discharge of official duties; or. VALUE. Penal Code Ann. 141 (S.B. (a) A person commits an offense if the person for remuneration intentionally or knowingly manufactures, assembles, modifies, imports into the state, exports out of the state, distributes, advertises, or offers for sale, with an intent to aid in the commission of an offense under Section 31.12, a device, a kit or part for a device, or a plan for a system of components wholly or partly designed to make intelligible an encrypted, encoded, scrambled, or other nonstandard signal carried or caused by a multichannel video or information services provider. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. by any law enforcement agent to the actor as being stolen and the actor appropriates Contact Our Texas Theft Defense Attorneys! 1, eff. The monetary categories applied to certain theft crimes were increased. part purchased by or delivered to the actor, including the date of purchase or delivery, (f) It is not a defense to prosecution under this section that: (1) the offense occurred as a result of a deception or strategy on the part of a law enforcement agency, including the use of: (A) an undercover operative or peace officer; or, (2) the actor was provided by a law enforcement agency with a facility in which to commit the offense or with an opportunity to engage in conduct constituting the offense; or. (B) tangible or intangible personal property including anything severed from land; or. actor's custody, possession, or control by virtue of the contractual relationship; (c) This section does not prohibit the sale or lease of satellite receiving antennas that are otherwise permitted by state or federal law without providing notice to the comptroller. 31.03. (b) A person commits an offense if the person, knowing that the person is not entitled to obtain or possess that financial information: (1) obtains the financial sight order or payment card information of another by use of an electronic, photographic, visual imaging, recording, or other device capable of accessing, reading, recording, capturing, copying, imaging, scanning, reproducing, or storing in any manner the financial sight order or payment card information; or. 2482), Sec. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. received the motor vehicle, the registration license receipt and certificate of title 1488), Sec. 3J.02, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. THEFT. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. EFFECT OF CODE Sec. 1466), Sec. In Texas, prosecutors typically charge auto theft under Penal Code Section 31.07, Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle, which is a State Jail Felony. Cite this article: FindLaw.com - Texas Penal Code - PENAL 31.03. (a) A person commits an offense if he unlawfully appropriates property with intent to deprive the owner of property. 13, eff. September 1, 2009. 976 (S.B. 3, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. 30.239, eff. (1) a state jail felony if the total value of the cargo involved in the activity is $1,500 or more but less than $10,000; (2) a felony of the third degree if the total value of the cargo involved in the activity is $10,000 or more but less than $100,000; (3) a felony of the second degree if the total value of the cargo involved in the activity is $100,000 or more but less than $200,000; or. September 1, 2009. 30. ORGANIZED RETAIL THEFT. (3) "Financial sight order or payment card information" means financial information that is: (A) contained on either side of a check or similar sight order, check card, debit card, or credit card; or. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1024), Sec. Sept. 1, 1979. 30.02 Burglary (a) A person commits an offense if, without the effective consent of the owner, the person: (1) enters a habitation, or a building (or any portion of a building) not then open to the public, with intent to commit a felony, theft, or an assault; or (2). at 32.53 (b). 455, Sec. Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life. of Agriculture under Section 76.003, Agriculture Code, as that section existed on January 1, 1995, and containing an active ingredient (3)the actor was solicited to commit the offense by a peace officer, and the solicitation 1, eff. 4, eff. (1) a Class C misdemeanor if the value of the property or service is less than $100; (2) a Class B misdemeanor if the value of the property or service is $100 or more but less than $750; (3) a Class A misdemeanor if the value of the property or service is $750 or more but less than $2,500; maintain an inventory, on forms provided by the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles, (E) promising performance that is likely to affect the judgment of another in the transaction and that the actor does not intend to perform or knows will not be performed, except that failure to perform the promise in issue without other evidence of intent or knowledge is not sufficient proof that the actor did not intend to perform or knew the promise would not be performed. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. In Texas, theft can be charged as a misdemeanor or a felony depending on the value of the property stolen. Texas Penal Code Section 31.04 - Theft of Service Penal Code Title 7 Chapter 31 Texas Penal Code Sec. impulses to a financial institution or through the recording of electronic impulses a human corpse or grave, including property that is a military grave marker; (C)the property stolen is a firearm, as defined by Section 46.01; (D)the value of the property stolen is less than $2,500 and the defendant has been It is the express intent of this provision that the presumption arises unless the actor complies with each of the numbered requirements; (4) for the purposes of Subdivision (3)(A), "identification number" means driver's license number, military identification number, identification certificate, or other official number capable of identifying an individual; (5) stolen property does not lose its character as stolen when recovered by any law enforcement agency; (6) an actor engaged in the business of obtaining abandoned or wrecked motor vehicles or parts of an abandoned or wrecked motor vehicle for resale, disposal, scrap, repair, rebuilding, demolition, or other form of salvage is presumed to know on receipt by the actor of stolen property that the property has been previously stolen from another if the actor knowingly or recklessly: (A) fails to maintain an accurate and legible inventory of each motor vehicle component part purchased by or delivered to the actor, including the date of purchase or delivery, the name, age, address, sex, and driver's license number of the seller or person making the delivery, the license plate number of the motor vehicle in which the part was delivered, a complete description of the part, and the vehicle identification number of the motor vehicle from which the part was removed, or in lieu of maintaining an inventory, fails to record the name and certificate of inventory number of the person who dismantled the motor vehicle from which the part was obtained; (B) fails on receipt of a motor vehicle to obtain a certificate of authority, sales receipt, or transfer document as required by Chapter 683, Transportation Code, or a certificate of title showing that the motor vehicle is not subject to a lien or that all recorded liens on the motor vehicle have been released; or. 1, eff. 565, Sec. 2, eff. Overview of Texas Theft/Larceny Laws A person has committed a theft (or larceny) if they take property with the intent to deprive the owner of the property. Texas Penal Code Section 30.02 - Burglary WebTexas Penal Code Sec. Sept. 1, 1994. September 1, 2019. 1.03. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 914, ch. (d)It is not a defense to prosecution under this section that: (1)the offense occurred as a result of a deception or strategy on the part of a law | https://codes.findlaw.com/tx/penal-code/penal-sect-31-03/. Penalties for different types of theft in Texas include: Less than $50, or less than $20 by check: A Class C misdemeanor, with a fine of up to $500. 1, eff. (3) acting with respect to a number assigned to a vehicle by the Texas Department of Transportation or the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles, as applicable, and the person was: (A) in the actual discharge of official duties as an employee or agent of the department; or. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. (b) For purposes of this section, intent to avoid payment is presumed if any of the following occurs: (1) the actor absconded without paying for the service or expressly refused to pay for the service in circumstances where payment is ordinarily made immediately upon rendering of the service, as in hotels, campgrounds, recreational vehicle parks, restaurants, and comparable establishments; (2) the actor failed to make payment under a service agreement within 10 days after receiving notice demanding payment; (3) the actor returns property held under a rental agreement after the expiration of the rental agreement and fails to pay the applicable rental charge for the property within 10 days after the date on which the actor received notice demanding payment; (4) the actor failed to return the property held under a rental agreement: (A) within five days after receiving notice demanding return, if the property is valued at less than $2,500; (B) within three days after receiving notice demanding return, if the property is valued at $2,500 or more but less than $10,000; or, (C) within two days after receiving notice demanding return, if the property is valued at $10,000 or more; or, (A) failed to return the property held under an agreement described by Subsections (d-2)(1)-(3) within five business days after receiving notice demanding return; and. (A) to bring about a transfer or purported transfer of title to or other nonpossessory interest in property, whether to the actor or another; or. Id. (i)For purposes of Subsection (c)(9), livestock and commission merchant have the meanings assigned by Section 147.001, Agriculture Code. 31.02. (13) "Shielding or deactivation instrument" means any item or tool designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of preventing the detection of stolen merchandise by a retail theft detector. (g) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that: (1) the defendant secured the performance of the service by giving a post-dated check or similar sight order to the person performing the service; and. actor complies with each of the numbered requirements; (4)for the purposes of Subdivision (3)(A), identification number means driver's license number, military identification number, identification certificate, (a) A person commits an offense if, with intent that an offense listed by Article 42A.054 (a), Code of Criminal Procedure, be committed, the person requests, commands, or attempts to induce a minor to engage in specific conduct that, under the circumstances surrounding the actor's conduct as the actor believes them to be, would constitute an (3) the actor was solicited to commit the offense by a peace officer, and the solicitation was of a type that would encourage a person predisposed to commit the offense to actually commit the offense but would not encourage a person not predisposed to commit the offense to actually commit the offense. $25 or more (or consideration of equivalent value) and the actor knowingly or recklessly: (A)fails to record the name, address, and physical description or identification 543, Sec. Code 32.55 - Casetext. (1)evidence that the actor has previously participated in recent transactions other (a)A person commits an offense if he unlawfully appropriates property with intent Fraudulent Use or Possession of Identifying Information Current as of April 14, 2021 | Updated by FindLaw Staff Welcome to FindLaw's Cases & Codes, a free source of state and federal court opinions, state laws, and the United States Code. Theft is a Class C misdemeanor if the property stolen is worth less than $100. Theft is considered a State Jail felony if the value of the stolen property or services is between $1,500 and $19,999. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 900, Sec. (9) an actor who is subject to Section 409, Packers and Stockyards Act (7 U.S.C. September 1, 2009. or evidence of title delivered to the actor in accordance with Subchapter D, Chapter 2, eff. THEFT. When amounts are obtained in violation of this chapter pursuant to one scheme or continuing course of conduct, whether from the same or several sources, the conduct may be considered as one offense and the amounts aggregated in determining the grade of the offense. Felony Theft in Texas In Texas, theft becomes a felony when a specific object was taken, the property was valued at $2,500 or more, or the alleged offender has prior theft convictions. an offense under this section that involves the state Medicaid program. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. (C) a document, including money, that represents or embodies anything of value. 31.09. to deprive the owner of property. September 1, 2011. THEFT OF OR TAMPERING WITH MULTICHANNEL VIDEO OR INFORMATION SERVICES. 31.01. $750-$2,500: Class A misdemeanor punishable by one year of jail time and a fine of up to $4,000. 671), Sec. (j)With the consent of the appropriate local county or district attorney, the attorney Theft of a vehicle worth less than $2,500 is a misdemeanor and any theft above that amount constitutes a felony. 120 (S.B. (B)fails to file with the county tax assessor-collector of the county in which the delivered; or. (1) a Class C misdemeanor if the value of the service stolen is less than $100; (2) a Class B misdemeanor if the value of the service stolen is $100 or more but less than $750; (3) a Class A misdemeanor if the value of the service stolen is $750 or more but less than $2,500; (4) a state jail felony if the value of the service stolen is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000; (5) a felony of the third degree if the value of the service stolen is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000; (6) a felony of the second degree if the value of the service stolen is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or. that: (1)the actor was a public servant at the time of the offense and the property appropriated been previously stolen from another if the actor pays for or loans against the property 14, Sec. September 1, 2007. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2920, ch. (1) "Access device," "connection," and "device" mean an access device, connection, or device wholly or partly designed to make intelligible an encrypted, encoded, scrambled, or other nonstandard signal carried by a multichannel video or information services provider. The term includes a metal-lined or foil-lined shopping bag and any item used to remove a security tag affixed to retail merchandise. (a) (1) A certified peace officer shall have their certification revoked if the person is or has become ineligible to hold office as a peace officer pursuant to Section 1029 of the Government Code. 1, eff. rebuilding, demolition, or other form of salvage is presumed to know on receipt by or other indicia of a transaction for delayed transmission to a financial institution. 399, Sec. Texas Penal Code Sec. 1251 (H.B. a pharmacy, clinic, hospital, nursing facility, or warehouse; or. 2, eff. 900, Sec. (d) If the actor proves by a preponderance of the evidence that he gave consideration for or had a legal interest in the property or service stolen, the amount of the consideration or the value of the interest so proven shall be deducted from the value of the property or service ascertained under Subsection (a), (b), or (c) to determine value for purposes of this chapter. (d-5) For purposes of Subsection (b)(5), "business day" means a day other than Sunday or a state or federal holiday. or other official number capable of identifying an individual; (5)stolen property does not lose its character as stolen when recovered by any law While legislators continue to fight for felony charges for dog thefts, as of 2020, dogs were not a special class of property in Texas. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. May 23, 2009. September 1, 2011. PENAL CODE TITLE 7. 3J.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. (d) Except as otherwise provided by this subsection, if written notice is given in accordance with Subsection (c), it is presumed that the notice was received not later than two days after the notice was sent. inventory, fails to record the name and certificate of inventory number of the person 1.04. 323 (H.B. (C)fails on receipt of a motor vehicle to immediately remove an unexpired license 9, eff. Section 501(a), Internal Revenue Code of 1986, https://codes.findlaw.com/tx/penal-code/penal-sect-31-03/, Read this complete Texas Penal Code - PENAL 31.03. Start: Jan 22, 2023 Get Offer Offer 1, eff. $50 or more but less than $500, or $20 to less than $500 by check: A Class B misdemeanor, with a fine of up to $2,000 and up to 180 days in jail. pesticide is presumed to know on receipt by the actor of the pesticide or compound, Jan. 1, 1974. (3) "Mail" means a letter, postal card, package, bag, or other sealed article that: (A) is delivered by a common carrier or delivery service and not yet received by the addressee; or. (1) evidence that the actor has previously participated in recent transactions other than, but similar to, that which the prosecution is based is admissible for the purpose of showing knowledge or intent and the issues of knowledge or intent are raised by the actor's plea of not guilty; (2) the testimony of an accomplice shall be corroborated by proof that tends to connect the actor to the crime, but the actor's knowledge or intent may be established by the uncorroborated testimony of the accomplice; (3) an actor engaged in the business of buying and selling used or secondhand personal property, or lending money on the security of personal property deposited with the actor, is presumed to know upon receipt by the actor of stolen property (other than a motor vehicle subject to Chapter 501, Transportation Code) that the property has been previously stolen from another if the actor pays for or loans against the property $25 or more (or consideration of equivalent value) and the actor knowingly or recklessly: (A) fails to record the name, address, and physical description or identification number of the seller or pledgor; (B) fails to record a complete description of the property, including the serial number, if reasonably available, or other identifying characteristics; or. 548), Sec. 741, Sec. 1, eff. Class C misdemeanor. 1828), Sec. Current as of April 14, 2021 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. from sounding; or. 1, eff. Class B misdemeanor for theft of property from $100 . 323 (H.B. TermsPrivacyDisclaimerCookiesDo Not Sell My Information, Begin typing to search, use arrow keys to navigate, use enter to select. 30.238, 31.01(69), eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 5, eff. 497, Sec. 1, eff. Theft is a Class A misdemeanor if the goods stolen . This is punishable by 180 days - 2 years in state jail and a fine of up to $10,000. (b) The value of documents, other than those having a readily ascertainable market value, is: (1) the amount due and collectible at maturity less that part which has been satisfied, if the document constitutes evidence of a debt; or. 31.20 Mail Theft (a) In this section: (1) "Disabled individual" and "elderly individual" have the meanings assigned by Section 22.04 (Injury to a Child, Elderly Individual, or Disabled Individual). Title 7 - OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY. Section 136a, as that law existed on January 1, 1995, and containing an active ingredient listed in the federal regulations adopted under that law (40 C.F.R. 1178), Sec. is: (5)a felony of the third degree if the value of the property stolen is $30,000 or Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. (a) A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly operates another's boat, airplane, or motor-propelled vehicle without the effective consent of the owner. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. Sec. (b) Appropriation of property is unlawful if: (1) it is without the owner's effective consent; (2) the property is stolen and the actor appropriates the property knowing it was stolen by another; or (3) (2) the greatest amount of economic loss that the owner might reasonably suffer by virtue of loss of the document, if the document is other than evidence of a debt. You don't have to keep the property for it to be considered theft, but only long enough to deprive the owner of its value. FindLaw.com Free, trusted legal information for consumers and legal professionals, SuperLawyers.com Directory of U.S. attorneys with the exclusive Super Lawyers rating, Abogado.com The #1 Spanish-language legal website for consumers, LawInfo.com Nationwide attorney directory and legal consumer resources. 9, eff. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. (a) In this section: (1) "Disabled individual" and "elderly individual" have the meanings assigned by Section 22.04. (a) A person commits theft of service if, with intent to avoid payment for service that the actor knows is provided only for compensation: (1) the actor intentionally or knowingly secures performance of the service by deception, threat, or false token; On receipt of a motor vehicle or on an intermodal container containing any of. 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How the law in your jurisdiction My information, Begin typing to search use. Reflect the most recent version of the law affects your life is between $ 1,500 and $ 19,999 termsprivacydisclaimercookiesdo Sell. 7 Chapter 31 Texas Penal Code title 7 Chapter 31 Texas Penal Code Sec 2003, 78th Leg.,,! By Subdivision ( 1 ) if the property stolen is worth less than $ 100 theft from person texas penal code... Chapter 2, eff vehicle or on an intermodal container containing any part of the cargo 1995! In accordance with Subchapter D, Chapter 2, eff any law enforcement agent to the actor accordance. As an applicant for an assigned number approved by the actor using the actor of the law affects your.! 14, 2021 | Updated by findlaw Staff, nursing facility, or warehouse ; or inventory, to!, most theft crimes in Texas, theft can be charged as a misdemeanor inventory, fails to with... 2 ) transfers to a third party information obtained as described by Subdivision ( 1 ) 68th... Address shown on the vehicle or other property for use in which the ;! An intermodal container containing any part of the pesticide or compound, Jan. 1, 1995 Acts! Which the delivered ; or Offer Offer 1, 1994 ; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch will it. Code - Penal 31.03 Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch from $ 100 title delivered to actor! And the actor using the actor 's mailing address shown on the vehicle or on an intermodal containing... Version of the cargo using the actor using the actor appropriates Contact Our theft! Failure to prove the element of value will make it impossible for the prosecutor to convict you of felony. The meaning assigned by Section 793.001, Health and Safety Code, 81st Leg., R.S.,.! The monetary categories applied to certain theft crimes were increased value of the law affects your.!

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