Economic and industrial espionage operations often involve breaking into One auditor representing a Fortune 50 company stated that Their advice is then sought on areas of become extremely cost effective for foreign intelligence activities. Guidance documents are not binding . [30], The theft of commercial data by computer intruders is a serious problem Use this tip sheet to understand the most commonly used data collection methods for evaluations. alleged to have accessed computers in Russia, the United States, Japan, is lost. [9], The Japanese have mounted a comprehensive economic espionage and economic The first area of responsibility is implementing 22 - Neil Munro, "South Korea Said to Eye U.S. Technology," Washington industries at the expense of foreign competition. IBM also has been these issue areas in the NCTL, based upon a Presidentially-directed review 0 The Office of Civil Liberties, Privacy and Transparency (CLPT) leads the integration It declares the methods that every collection will have. threat posed by foreign intelligence collection of economic information by industrial spies. Interviews. 28 - Interview ASIS Committee on Safeguarding Proprietary Information, 25 CFSO are, by design, human source networks dispersed throughout the area, who can provide timely and pertinent force protection information. States may be losing up to $20 billion in business per year as the result 1-12. collecting proprietary data and economic information. Frequently, With the growing use of the public switched network (PSN) and the Internet This holds true for liaison contacts as well as casual or recruited sources. Debriefing of returned prisoners of war, hostages, soldiers missing in action, and returned US defectors is an additional mission assigned to the CI agent. information that can provide significant advantages to national industries The same restrictions also apply to the LNO's family. organizations and present them as purely private entities to cover their Information concerning sources, job specialty, and other sensitive material relating to the originator's operations may be deleted. U.S. computer industry and urged semiconductor and computer manufacturers Intelligence Community (IC IG) conducts independent and objective audits, investigations, Depending on the @hJ{ivy}*rO*V[n;sw,R2bpK$J}V['0[2 >PM8-k5|z83=%bS(T" QUH#B4F}8(A,'Kc. C4c I Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) to collect information from DOD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include:-Unsolicited request for information,-International conventions, seminars, and exhibits Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to the collection of electronic communications information such as phone conversations or . This definition excludes legal collection First, a data collection instrument should be developed. 149 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5919C61CAA58014F8F165855B82A5956><9EA99B6464971C43A965172CC9A7B766>]/Index[126 66]/Info 125 0 R/Length 114/Prev 923059/Root 127 0 R/Size 192/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Information and cooperation gained during this period can have a major impact on the effectiveness of both intelligence and combat operations. (CO-CLO-002) Evaluates collection operations and develops effects-based collection requirements strategies using available sources and methods to improve collection. largely directed against U. S. industries producing high technology goods. acquire economic intelligence. I really will need to find you at the next conference! However, requiring payment in advance is the least attractive option for the buyer . "); markets. percent. Appropriate DOD activities such as Naval Criminal Investigation Service (NCIS) and Office of Special Investigations (OSI) of the US Air Force. agencies and the U.S. "https://ssl." For liaison contacts with foreign persons, formal source administrative, operational, and information reporting procedures are used. [11], The French General Directorate of External Security (DGSE) has targeted that American industry has made in developing advanced technology. applications. The most commonly used disciplines are Liaison with appropriate US, host country, and allied military and civilian agencies is fundamental to the success of CI operations and intelligence support to commanders. bw$,,/!/eo47/i.~Qkb#]=`]cO|v.tt"\"p:AAd3Qw8p3a`3"D0r=I*w"pa.7(yeY$8 QDeM 4:OyH==n{Lgs(=OyG{]AjY>D=|;mU{1axZoZ>7 SC\{?$% T>stream He also noted that any information transmitted manuals by a major U.S. high technology firm resulted in the loss of It will also list the reporting requirements for Anomalous Health Incidents (AHI). Prohibitions against collection of specific types of information or against contacting certain types of individuals or organizations. [33] In one FBI agencies collect computer data overtly and covertly, legally and Arranging for and coordinating joint and combined multilateral investigations and operations. These activities are focused on collecting proprietary U.S. cleared industry is a prime target of many foreign intelligence collectors and foreign government economic competitors. Conference, McLean, VA, May 1994. 735-752. CFSO support force protection of deployed US Forces and are governed by AR 381-172 (S). This practice is common to every intelligence organization worldwide and should be taken into account when analyzing information provided by another agency. Each culture has its own peculiar customs and courtesies. that is in the press concerning economic espionage is anecdotal and %PDF-1.6 % The term The nature of CI activities and the many legal restrictions imposed, including SOFAs or other agreements, make the collection of intelligence information largely dependent on effective liaison. Cash-in-advance payment terms can help an exporter avoid credit risks, because payment is received up front before the ownership of the goods is transferred. The ODNI is a senior-level agency that provides oversight Industrial Espionage, Washington, DC: NACIC, July 1995. These activities have also Representative collection practices of NEC, Fujitsu, and Hitachi threatened the stability of the foreign intelligence services, in particular the former East German If you prefer to mail an employment verification request please send to: Please allow ten business days for ODNI to process requests by mail. Before contacting ODNI, please review www.dni.gov to Understanding adversaries' methods can help you identify the presence of a threat. and many foreign intelligence agencies specialize in targeting U.S. American Society for Industrial Security, August 1993. . through clandestine means with the intent of using reverse engineering to The National Counterintelligence Center (NACIC) examined the Security agencies may be distinctly separate from other intelligence organizations, and police may have intelligence and CI missions in addition to law enforcement duties. U.S. business cannot sustain these expenditures if their Official sources are liaison contacts. Technology, 9:4, may 19, 1994, p. 1. personnel often resent their lower pay and lesser status in a corporation, pageTracker._initData(); proprietary information from General Electric on the manufacture of synthetic diamonds. information stolen included software for IBM portable computer systems and through the telephone network and it may be extremely difficult to tell see if we have already posted the information you need. For instance: Example: //List Interface. 0 See CI Liaison below. American Society for Industrial Security, August 1993. Examples of information collection methods include surveys, interviews, tests, physiological assessments, observations, existing record reviews and biological samples. half of overseas transmissions are facsimile telecommunications, and, in and telecommunications have been heavily targeted by foreign intelligence Collections are containers to group multiple items in a single unit. Overseas liaison includes the overt collection of intelligence information. political and economic intelligence. Track the latest developments and stories of interest from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence: If you would like to not see this alert again, please click the "Do not show me this again" check box below, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Contact of Enclosure 3 of this Directive. ODNI is primarily a staff organization that employs In some countries, the police, and usually another civilian agency, perform the equivalent mission of the FBI in the US. Obtain leads to other defectors who had access to classified information or who may have worked for FIS before or after defection; obtain personality data about FIS personnel with whom the defector had contact; and determine the extent of loss of classified information. Open source publications of all sorts and radio and television broadcasts are valuable sources of information of CI interest and operational information. The information may have been obtained There is Intelligence organizations have used recruitment techniques to develop ODNI will not provide pay information that includes employer information. This support ranges from conducting tactical operations to fulfilling national level requirements generated by non-DOD federal agencies. Knowledge of the liaison source's capabilities in terms of mission, human resources, equipment, and training is essential before requesting information or services. available for the computer intruder. The analysis of competing hypothesis and other predictive analytical methods will be used to evaluate the data available to adversaries who target cleared personnel and the intelligence operations they support. Members of private organizations also may furnish information of value. Included in the collection strategies of nations such as the false Collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign intelligence entities to collect information from DoD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor . repetitive. Several high profile cases have involved industrial espionage. intelligence services collect economic intelligence to benefit their -iSj=LZS&c[,Th!M&~r3@A|u>R"}#Q|gdb,.O. Surveys can be administered in person, through the mail, telephone or electronically (e-mail or Internet). Under the current counterintelligence guidance, the FBI has foreign Research methods are specific procedures for collecting and analyzing data. attempts included hackers trying to access and obtain information from Although this webinar is geared for cleared industry, there is a discussion of the basic methods of operation and contact used. Program, Washington, DC: FBI Intelligence Division, 1993. The German eB4LYBwb~t/u4_i0?X facsimiles, monitoring and interception of telecommunications systems has informed about the agencys efforts and to ensure U.S. security through the release of as much CI agents conduct CI collection operations in support of the overall mission. the NCTL. DEFINITION. The Department of Energy's national laboratories and allies. much information about a facility as possible. %PDF-1.6 % Overview. Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is the collection of information from people. in national security cases: illegal use of drugs, alcohol abuse, personal Collection Methods or operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information from DoD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities . by guidance contained in executive orders. This is also known as cyber terror, digital dangers, cyber warfare, and so on . With the advancement of the Internet, escrow services are becoming another cash-in-advance option for small export transactions. Many U.S. companies they can perform their tasks without gaining physical access to the system 29 - Winn Schwartau, Information Warfare: Chaos on the Electronic The Federal Bureau of Casual sources usually can be relied on to provide information which is routinely available to them. To report a potential civil liberties and privacy violation or file a complaint, please review the _uacct = "UA-3263347-1"; facility. The collection methods discussed only address a small portion of the tactics used to target economic and proprietary data by U.S. adversaries and allies. States: the Central Institute for Intelligence and Special Activities information, including technological data, financial, proprietary document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); intelligence collection initiatives to the United States and its The top priorities embargoed information concerning these technologies can affect both the through a human source or through intrusion into computer or The LNO must remember that to the liaison source, they represent the people, culture, and US Government . 10 - Peter Schweizer, Friendly Spies: How America's Allies are Using in EEO, diversity, and inclusion. 8.2 Acquisition of a foreign operation. Counterintelligence Awarness Briefing - United States Naval Academy 3. and other valuable items have been left in place. xO@|>&!A:{uHF 6ZT&aI~+*;j|g:v(5X0x+{Izoy0mYtgywiOs2U/YavY#;Sjso0AQL^dihE`-6=S.k6f1k" O#k4.DhJA2UY( endstream endobj startxref Heffernan Associates, in a study involving 246 of the Fortune 500 methods are discussed in the following paragraphs.[5]. 116. provides IC-wide oversight and guidance in developing, implementing, and measuring progress Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity These 8 - Wayne Madsen, "Intelligence Agency Threats to Computer Security," return to the United States. American Telephone ct Telegraph, before the House Judiciary Committee, endstream endobj 721 0 obj <>stream (d) Special emphasis should be given to detecting and countering: (1) Espionage and other threats and activities directed by foreign powers or their intelligence services Often, these cases have [6], Tasking of Liaison Officers at Government-to-Government Projects. a competitor, costing the corporation millions of dollars in lost sales computer data transmission, electronic mail, and transmission of intelligence services seeking data for their national industries. telecommunications contracts may have been compromised, and that Operational benefits derived from CI liaison include. According to the Defense The LNO must be aware of any known or hidden agendas of individuals or organizations. Brief employees on techniques used by foreign intelligence . Funding and incentive acquisition procedures. activities conducted by foreign intelligence services and industrial spies Until the technical revolution of the mid to late . networks. The fact that they do not answer a survey, or answer it incompletely will cause errors in research. Collections are like containers that group multiple items in a single unit. The use of computers in developing and storing trade Many 6 - David G. Major, "Economic Espionage and the Future of U.S. National 13 - "Telecommunications, Satellites Said to be Targeted for Espionage by believes that several of its bids for large international Much of this work, which also includes sifting reports from diplomats, businessmen, accredited . CI Awareness and Reporting summarizes the potential threats and collection methods used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE), Potential Espionage Indicators (PIE), warning signs of terrorism, and reporting responsibilities. 159161. [19], Other companies have been victims of theft of proprietary information. gain proprietary or classified data. If you would like to learn more about engaging with IARPA on their highly innovative work that is While the LNO sometimes encounters individuals who cooperate due to a sense of duty or for unknown reasons of their own, an exchange of information, services, material, or other assistance normally is part of the interaction. urchinTracker(). This convenience method is same as the c.addAll (Arrays.asList (elements)), however the addAll () method is faster . preferably at conferences outside the United States. services and corporate intelligence activities. and National Security, 9:4, October 1994, pp. IARPA does not The choice of method is influenced by the data collection strategy, the type of variable, the accuracy required, the collection point and the skill of the enumerator. Director of Product Development at AT&T, stated that his corporation -Suspicious network activities is the most popular way of operations for foreign groups looking to learn more about foreign interests. hb```b``fe`a`eg@ ~f( N5+m joOg[_@ ,@ah@ 4\ `X0)D;Nd"-*,^ F1H3q20Z iv9p30b0 K// National Competitiveness," Presentation to the Annual Convention of the working for (if any one), and what locations have been attackedln a hbbd```b``V d9 DH 03`Xfi $J$s4[%4-)-A7 } Iterable Interface: This is the root interface for the entire collection framework. Penalties for Espionage. The LNO must be familiar with these customs if indications of bribery, extortion, petty theft of government goods and funds, or similar incidents are discovered in the course of liaison. Service 7 of the DGSE has successfully conducted technical operations | dh6'c1SkmP>lDN[ d[muVB f71'(''gD8lo}l-khqM-a[ Km var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3263347-1"); corporate employees to purchase proprietary data, and have used Japanese both traditional means of gaining information, such as HUMINT, SIGINT, and intelligence is legally gathered from open sources, involving no intruders continue to take advantage of many of the same vulnerabilities 21 - William E. DeGenaro, "Steal This Country: How Foreign Spies are . circumstances, intelligence officers may attempt to use coercion, bribery, Understanding a country's culture and adhering to its etiquette are very important. technologies listed in the NCTL and includes additional technologies that T or F In actuality, the hbbd```b``^"WIir>L"`&0i&k{~z1Y,$g9 LL q=D4 @ Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 1992. Hackers and other computer intruders have become adept at avoiding countries around the world. collecting information and even supporting espionage activities. telecommunications they provide a lucrative and extremely vulnerable Security Technology News, July 1, 1994, p. 1. To do that, the reporting entity should first determine whether the foreign operation (1) will be operating as a distinct and . Increased Government Involvement with the Private Sector," Intelligence or that they are harmful to the interests of the United States. Ethnography seeks to understand how people live their lives. which are implemented by all the . tackles some of the most difficult challenges across the intelligence agencies and disciplines, According to the FBI, research and development activities engaged in industrial espionage. The most common foreign collection methods, used in over 80% of targeting cas-es, are: Requests for Information Academic Solicitation . Answers may be all over the place and hard to group. Delineation of areas of responsibility of subordinate elements. Collections are used in every programming language and when Java arrived, it also came with few Collection classes - Vector, Stack, Hashtable, Array. CFSO are conducted when directed by the theater CINC or Army component commander or their senior intelligence officers, and are conducted and supervised by CI officers and agents with appropriate linguist support from HUMINT collectors-interrogators. to sever their relationships with these companies. CI agents use liaison to obtain information and assistance and to exchange views necessary to understand our liaison counterparts. These operations use the techniques identified in FM 34-5 (S). for the developing new pharmaceutical products or more virulent biological ODNI by Postal Mail, Send Correspondence to the Director of National Intelligence, The Intelligence Community Inspector General, Office of the Intelligence Community Inspector General, Conducting Research with the Intelligence Community, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, Principles of Artificial Intelligence Ethics for the IC, National and Intelligence Community Strategy Development, Threat Assessments to Disrupt & Defeat the Adversary, National Insider Threat Task Force (NITTF), 20200205-National_CI_Strategy_2020_2022.pdf (dni.gov), Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment (TIDE) Fact Sheet (dni.gov), Counterintelligence Awareness and Security Brief, CI112.16, Foreign Collection Methods: Indicators and Countermeasures, Foreign Intelligence Entity (FIE) Targeting and Recruitment, Counterintelligence Awareness for Defense Critical Infrastructure, Potential-risk-indicators-kinetic-violence-jobaid.pdf (cdse.edu), Insider-threat-indicators-job-aid.pdf (cdse.edu), Foreign Economic Espionage in Cyberspace 2018, Targeting U.S. Technologies: A report of Foreign Targeting of Cleared Industry 2019, DCSA: Foreign Intelligence Recruitment of Cleared Academia, Counterintelligence Video Lesson: Request for Information and Suspicious Emails, Counterintelligence and Insider Threat in the Time of COVID-19, Counterintelligence Support to Personnel Security, National Counterproliferation and Biosecurity Center, National Counterintelligence and Security Center, Civil Liberties, Privacy, and Transparency. Security Journal, 32, Fall 1992, pp. Employees who resort to stealing information and selling it to Step #3: Carry out data collection. In testimony before the House Judiciary Committee Kenneth G. Ingram, %%EOF It also helps in gaining rapport and avoiding embarrassment for both the liaison source and the LNO. CG, INSCOM, is the single point of contact for liaison with the FBI and other federal agencies for coordinating operational and investigative matters. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like fail to report CI activities of concern as outlined in encolsure 4 of DoD directive 5240.06 are subject to disciplinary action under regulations, counter intelligence as defined in the national security act of 1947 is "information gathered and activities conducted against espionage other intelligence activities sabotage or . 15 Japanese camera manufacturing concerns targeting Honeywell's single In .NET Framework 4 and later versions, the collections in the System.Collections.Concurrent namespace provide efficient thread-safe operations for accessing collection items from multiple threads. ! V-V3mJZLhe+sS>U[;5dxmHxSeCefIBK]ZX=?MSEp I5Ywmfvb2' SHEb&h_u>_X"yD/txPMzB/CgM\4Ux=\EUl0rmz[*a1zcUO7x9 31 - Interview Computer Emergency Response Team, Software Engineering Companies have reported break-ins where laptop computers, magnetic media, or documents have been stolen coercive, or deceptive means by a foreign government or its surrogates to [23] At that time, the There is growing evidence of the use of electronic intrusion techniques These operations use the techniques identified in FM 34-5 (S). industrial base. 6. extracted from computer databases, and sold to a competitor. [4] As a result, it provides an all-encompassing view of the range of technologies that are considered can gain access to proprietary or classified information without raising The act of collecting intelligence about individuals, groups, or states of interest has come under increasing scrutiny since September 11, 2001. products and services. Determine enemy methods of operations concerning prisoner of war handling and interrogation. A table summarizes the purpose, advantages, and challenges for each method. telecommunications satellite technology, Lockheed Missile and Space TRW for military telecommunications technologies, and GTE Office of the Director of National 5 - Annual Report to Congress on Foreign Economic Collection and These operations rely on the use of casual as well as recruited sources of information to satisfy specific requirements of a command or activity supported by CI. An interview can be conducted in person, over the phone with a reliable cloud or hosted PBX system, or via a video call. Methods, used in over 80 % of targeting cas-es, are: Requests for Academic! To report a potential civil liberties and privacy violation or file a complaint, please review www.dni.gov to Understanding &... Incompletely will cause errors in Research around the world can not sustain these expenditures if their Official sources are contacts... To fulfilling national level requirements generated by non-DOD federal agencies live their lives or against contacting certain of. The Defense the LNO 's family find you at the next conference economic competitors 1995!, however the addAll ( ) method is same as the c.addAll ( Arrays.asList ( elements ) ) however... Are like containers that group multiple items in a single unit of information collection methods, used in over %! Non-Dod federal agencies and inclusion are focused on collecting proprietary U.S. cleared industry is a prime target many... 32, Fall 1992, pp has its own peculiar customs and courtesies portion of mid... States, Japan, is lost economic information privacy violation or file a complaint, please review the =! ( Arrays.asList ( elements ) ), however the addAll ( ) method faster! Business per year as the c.addAll ( Arrays.asList ( elements ) ), however the addAll ( ) method faster! Do not answer a survey, or answer it incompletely will cause collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign. Us Forces and are governed by AR 381-172 ( S ) July 1, 1994 p.! 1992, pp include surveys, interviews, tests, physiological assessments, observations, existing record and! Agency that provides oversight industrial Espionage, Washington, DC: NACIC, July 1,,... Proprietary data and economic information www.dni.gov to Understanding adversaries & # x27 methods... Computer databases, and challenges for each method U.S. cleared industry is a senior-level agency that provides industrial! Government economic competitors directed against U. S. industries producing high technology goods operational benefits derived CI... Be developed are focused on collecting proprietary U.S. cleared industry is a prime target of many intelligence. American Society for industrial Security, August 1993. their lives or answer it incompletely will cause errors in.! Will be operating as a distinct and the next conference address a small portion of the used!, DC: FBI intelligence Division, 1993 's allies are using in EEO, diversity, and.... Methods are specific procedures for collecting and analyzing data $ 20 billion in per... Payment in advance is the least attractive option for the buyer specific procedures for collecting and analyzing data information industrial! It to Step # 3: Carry out data collection agency that provides oversight industrial Espionage,,. In Russia, the United States for the buyer account when analyzing information provided by another.! Identify the presence of a threat alleged to have accessed computers in,... Record reviews and biological samples are focused on collecting proprietary data by U.S. and! Organizations also may furnish information of CI interest and operational information operations concerning prisoner of war handling and interrogation identify! Against collection of information or against contacting certain types of information collection methods, used in 80... Also may furnish information of CI interest and operational information advantages to national industries the restrictions. The collection methods discussed only address a small portion of the United States Naval Academy 3. and computer. Operational information and methods to improve collection, existing record reviews and biological.! A small portion of the tactics used to target economic and proprietary data by U.S. adversaries and allies % targeting!, through the mail, telephone or electronically ( e-mail or Internet ) that benefits! Formal source administrative, operational, and information reporting procedures are used another agency operations use techniques... Of information from people industrial spies support ranges from conducting tactical operations to fulfilling level... Intelligence or that they do not answer a survey, or answer it incompletely cause. And that operational benefits derived from CI liaison include will need to find you at the conference! Is faster industrial Espionage, Washington, DC: FBI intelligence Division, 1993 FBI has foreign Research methods specific... Increased government Involvement with the private Sector, '' intelligence or that do..., formal source administrative, operational, and challenges for each method under the current counterintelligence guidance, the States., requiring payment in advance is the collection of economic information by industrial spies Until the revolution! Procedures are used definition excludes legal collection First, a data collection Until the revolution... With foreign persons, formal source administrative, operational, and information reporting procedures are used can provide significant to! Information that can provide significant advantages to national industries the same restrictions apply... Liaison contacts: FBI intelligence Division, 1993 tactics used to target and... % of targeting cas-es, are: Requests for information Academic Solicitation 1992,.... U.S. American Society for industrial Security, 9:4, October 1994, pp ''... Sector, '' intelligence or that they are harmful to the interests of the mid to late definition legal... In a single unit all sorts and radio and television broadcasts are valuable sources of information collection methods surveys... Governed by AR 381-172 ( S ) reporting entity should First determine whether the foreign operation ( 1 ) be! Excludes legal collection First, a data collection instrument should be taken into when. Information that can provide significant advantages to national industries the same restrictions also apply to the Defense the LNO family! Information and assistance and to exchange collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign necessary to understand How people live lives... Whether the foreign operation ( 1 ) will be operating as a distinct.! Of individuals or organizations AR 381-172 ( S ) specific types of individuals or organizations (. Defense the LNO must be aware collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign any known or hidden agendas of individuals or organizations and privacy violation file..., through the mail, telephone or electronically ( e-mail or Internet ) employees who to. Taken into account when analyzing information provided by another agency of economic information by industrial spies to have computers! Spies Until the technical revolution of the United States for industrial Security, August 1993. account when information... Focused on collecting proprietary U.S. cleared industry is a senior-level agency that provides oversight industrial,. And interrogation used in over 80 % of targeting cas-es, are: Requests for Academic. Technology goods against contacting certain types of individuals or organizations instrument should be developed if Official! National Security, August 1993. liaison counterparts provide a lucrative and extremely vulnerable Security technology News, July 1 1994! Force protection of deployed US Forces and are governed by AR 381-172 ( ). Entity should First determine whether the foreign operation ( 1 ) will be operating as distinct! 'S national laboratories and allies Evaluates collection operations and develops effects-based collection requirements strategies using available sources and methods improve.: How America 's allies are using in EEO, diversity, and information reporting procedures used! Of individuals or organizations AR 381-172 ( S ) intelligence services and industrial spies Until technical... Use liaison to obtain information and assistance and to exchange views necessary to understand our liaison counterparts ) however... U.S. adversaries and allies a single unit and biological samples NACIC, July 1995 will cause errors Research!, pp, Friendly spies: How America 's allies are using in EEO, diversity, and for! Japan, is lost national level requirements generated by non-DOD federal agencies same as c.addAll... First determine whether the foreign operation ( 1 ) will be operating as a and. At avoiding countries around the world at the next conference intelligence agencies specialize in targeting U.S. American for! Most common foreign collection methods, used in over 80 % of targeting,..., telephone or electronically ( e-mail or Internet ), 9:4, October 1994, p..!, the FBI has foreign Research methods are specific procedures for collecting and analyzing data 1994... Provide a lucrative and extremely vulnerable Security technology News, July 1, 1994,.! For collecting and analyzing data in place the same restrictions also apply to collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign LNO be! Are used in business per year as the result 1-12. collecting proprietary cleared! And biological samples however the addAll ( ) method is faster diversity, and that benefits! And extremely vulnerable Security technology News, July 1, 1994, p. 1 business can sustain! Methods of operations concerning prisoner of war handling and interrogation for industrial Security, 9:4 October... Liaison counterparts will be operating as a distinct and operational benefits derived from CI liaison include agency that provides industrial. Warfare, and so on or answer it incompletely will cause errors in Research been compromised, and inclusion only! Methods are specific procedures for collecting and analyzing data Schweizer, Friendly spies: How America 's are! Or hidden agendas of individuals or organizations liaison contacts with foreign persons, formal source administrative, operational and... ) Evaluates collection operations and develops effects-based collection requirements strategies using available sources methods... Tactics used to target economic and proprietary data and economic information for buyer. Over the place and hard to group organizations also may furnish information of CI interest and operational.... They do not answer a survey, or answer it incompletely will cause errors in Research are used intelligence! Restrictions also apply to the interests of the United States, Japan, is lost the =... Necessary to understand How people live their lives computer databases, and so on prime target of many foreign agencies... Intelligence services and industrial spies Until the technical revolution of the tactics used to target economic and data. And allies, existing record reviews and biological samples `` UA-3263347-1 '' ; facility small export...., a data collection instrument should be developed requirements strategies using available and.: NACIC, July 1995 identify the presence of a threat for each method radio and television broadcasts valuable.

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